In the past, existing knowledge was part of one of the branches of philosophy. The progressive advance of science was gradually limiting its scope.
Just as some philosophers established complete systems or knowledge systems organized and supported by certain principles, or assumptions, in our time must be possible to establish a "scientific system", ie a general theory of social sciences compatible with the knowledge gained from the various branches of experimental science.
addition, it is hoped that in future not only be compatible with that knowledge, but to include it as part of such a theory.
What should I put this theory?
Immanuel Kant wrote: "All philosophy is theoretical or practical. Theoretical philosophy is the rule of knowledge, practical philosophy is the rule of behavior in regard to free will "(From" Lessons of ethics "). In this expression displayed the two great themes of philosophy and social sciences:
a) Theory of Knowledge
b) theory of ethical action.
Hence a general theory of the social sciences should be based on simple principles, accessible to direct observation, covering these two basic aspects of human behavior.
response
Social Psychology
Some authors define social psychology as "the scientific study of the attitude, the attitude remains the property of each individual response to different stimuli and, moreover, embodies what is commonly called" personality. "
We can mention the definition established by FH Allport, "An attitude is a mental and neurological available, organized from the experience that directive or dynamic influences on the reactions of the individual from all objects and all situations that correspond to them. "
is worth mentioning that the characteristic attitude has two major components:
a) affective components
b) cognitive components
Here we see that there is an overlap with the goals of philosophy (Kant's phrase above). We see that, based on certain attributes associated with each individual and that fall under the perspective of experimental science, as in the case of Social Psychology, it is possible to build the foundations for a scientific rather than philosophical. Affective components
Bearing in mind the two tendencies of human behavior (cooperation and competition) can describe the emotional components, or basic attitudes, which cover all possible emotional responses.
So we have to love (to share the joys and sorrows of our neighbors) and the cooperative attitude essential. We also have to hate (can respond with joy to others' suffering and sorrow for the happiness of others) and the competitive attitude essential. Selfishness implies
interested only in each of ourselves as that inaction is associated with neglect (not caring for others or even ourselves). Cognitive components
Also in the case of cognitive components we can orient ourselves with the trends toward cooperation and to competition.
Having previously established a description of the natural process of knowledge, established by trial and error "(associated with any new information compared with some reference) we can say that the cognitive components of attitude come materialized with the leading reference adopted by each individual.
For the tendency to cooperation, we can say that the model adopted is the reality. This implies that the individual has a certain need to know the truth, which is common to all humans (thereby justifying associate to cooperation). However, this association is to have a formal analogy with the affective components, although not so clear that the search for truth always involves a cooperative attitude.
The trend to competition can be associated with the adoption by reference, in the opinion of some religious leader, political, philosophical or scientific. The individual submits intellectually and "commitment" to the total veracity of the statements made by the elected leader. In this way it claims to be on top of the intellectual world.
should be noted that the case is different from that taken as a reference to reality and that, in their attempts to approach the Indeed, adopting the views of others as an aid to know her better, while the subject intellectually far as to worry for reality and truth.
selfish tendency can associate whom he considers as a reference to his own opinion on the situation. Not even trust the opinions of those most knowledgeable about any subject under consideration.
Finally, associated with neglect, we can mention the mass man, who draws on what is general, to what he thinks and believes the majority. Attributes
attitudes
Needless to say, the basic components occur, generally as a mixture of two or more of them the same person. In addition, these personal attitudes may change due to social interaction. We can summarize the whole of the components of attitude: affective components
: love, hate, selfishness, neglect.
cognitive components (reference): reality, leader, self, others.
This is implicit scheme "should be" which is nothing else than the optimization of the individual "is."
If we emphasize our cooperative nature, we try to share the suffering and happiness of others, while, simultaneously, we must take as a reference to the reality being free of competitive trend
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